Free Essays on John Fitzgerald Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963), was the youngest man ever elected president, and he was the youngest ever to die in office. He was shot to death on Nov. 22, 1963, after two years and 10 months as chief executive. The world mourned Kennedy's death, and presidents, premiers, and members of royalty walked behind the casket at his funeral. Kennedy was succeeded as president by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Early life Family background. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the second son of Joseph Patrick Kennedy (1888-1969) and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (1890-1995). The president's ancestors were Irish farmers of Wexford County in southeastern Ireland. His great-grandfather, Patrick Kennedy, left Ireland during the great potato famine of the 1840's and settled in Boston. The president's grandfather, Patrick J. Kennedy, became a state senator and the political "boss" of a ward in Boston. The president's mother also came from a political family. Her father was John F. ("Honey Fitz") Fitzgerald, a colorful politician. Fitzgerald served in the state senate and the United States House of Representatives. He also served as mayor of Boston for two terms. Joseph P. Kennedy, the president's father, was a self-made millionaire. During the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. Boyhood. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, a Boston suburb. The other eight Kennedy children were Joseph, Jr. (1915-1944), who was killed in World War II; Rosemary (1918-...); Kathleen (1920-1948); Eunice (1921-...); Patricia (1924-...); Robert F. (1925-1968), who became attorney general under his brother and then served as U.S. Senator from New York from 1965 until his assassination; Jean (1928-...); and Edward M. "Ted" (1932-...), who has served as a U.S. Senator f... Free Essays on John Fitzgerald Kennedy Free Essays on John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963), was the youngest man ever elected president, and he was the youngest ever to die in office. He was shot to death on Nov. 22, 1963, after two years and 10 months as chief executive. The world mourned Kennedy's death, and presidents, premiers, and members of royalty walked behind the casket at his funeral. Kennedy was succeeded as president by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Early life Family background. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the second son of Joseph Patrick Kennedy (1888-1969) and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (1890-1995). The president's ancestors were Irish farmers of Wexford County in southeastern Ireland. His great-grandfather, Patrick Kennedy, left Ireland during the great potato famine of the 1840's and settled in Boston. The president's grandfather, Patrick J. Kennedy, became a state senator and the political "boss" of a ward in Boston. The president's mother also came from a political family. Her father was John F. ("Honey Fitz") Fitzgerald, a colorful politician. Fitzgerald served in the state senate and the United States House of Representatives. He also served as mayor of Boston for two terms. Joseph P. Kennedy, the president's father, was a self-made millionaire. During the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. Boyhood. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, a Boston suburb. The other eight Kennedy children were Joseph, Jr. (1915-1944), who was killed in World War II; Rosemary (1918-...); Kathleen (1920-1948); Eunice (1921-...); Patricia (1924-...); Robert F. (1925-1968), who became attorney general under his brother and then served as U.S. Senator from New York from 1965 until his assassination; Jean (1928-...); and Edward M. "Ted" (1932-...), who has served as a U.S. Senator f...

Introduction to the Middle Paleolithic

Introduction to the Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic period (ca 200,000 to 45,000 years ago or so) is the period during which Archaic humans including Homo sapiens neanderthalensis appeared and flourished all over the world. Handaxes continued in use, but a new kind of stone tool kit was createdcalled the Mousterian, it included purposefully prepared cores and specialized flake tools. The living method in the Middle Paleolithic for both Homo sapiens and our Neanderthal cousins included scavenging, but there is also clear evidence of hunting and gathering activities. Deliberate human burials, with some evidence (if somewhat controversial) of ritual behavior, are found at a handful of sites such as La Ferrassie and Shanidar Cave. By 55,000 years ago, archaic humans were tending to their elderly, in evidence at sites such as La Chapelle aux Saintes. Some evidence for cannibalism is also found in places such as Krapina and Blombos Cave. Early Modern Humans in South Africa The Middle Paleolithic ends with the gradual disappearance of the Neanderthal and the ascendancy of Homo sapiens sapiens, about 40,000-45,000 years ago. That didnt happen overnight, however. The beginnings of modern human behaviors are mapped out in the Howiesons Poort/Stillbay Industries of southern Africa beginning perhaps as long ago as 77,000 years and leaving Africa along a Southern Dispersal Route. Middle Stone Age and the Aterian A handful of sites seem to suggest that the dates for the change to the Upper Paleolithic are way out of whack. The Aterian, a stone tool industry long thought to have been dated to the Upper Paleolithic, is now recognized as Middle Stone Age, dated perhaps as long ago as 90,000 years ago. One Aterian site showing early Upper Paleolithic-type behavior but dated much earlier is at Grottes des Pigeons in Morocco, where shell beads dated 82,000 years old have been discovered. Another problematic site is Pinnacle Point South Africa, where red ochre use has been documented at ca 165,000 years ago. Only time will tell if these dates continue to be held up. And Neanderthal hung on, too; the latest known Neanderthal site is Gorhams Cave in Gibraltar, about 25,000 years ago. Finally, the debate still is unsettled about the Flores individuals who may represent a separate species, Homo floresiensis, dated to the Middle Paleolithic but extending well into the UP.

Philip's vs. Matsushita Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philip's vs. Matsushita - Assignment Example remained poor and its global competitiveness are was still a question (Bartlett, 2006, p. 1). Philips case study highlights following important factors that contribute its poor performance over three decades. Unbalance and undefined power shearing between PDs and NOs. Lack of effective restructuring. Lack of well defined performance criterion. Fragmented organizational structure. Matsushita Matsushita is a key manufacturer over a verity of consumer appliances and products having world wide manufacturing facilities. Initially started as a modest home based manufacturing facility making double-ended electrical sockets, in 1918 by Konosuke Matsushita, a 23-year-old inspector at Osaka Electric Light Company, Matsushita has evolved as a versatile consumer appliances and products manufacturer with a wide retail and marketing network across the globe. It manufactures a broad line of 5,000 products including video and audio equipments, home appliance and house hold equipments, information, communication and industrial related equipments, power backup and electronics equipment (Exhibit 7, p. 20) (Bartlett, 2006, p. 20). Matsushita total sales has attained a figure of US $68.862 million with net income of US $ 941 million for fiscal 2000 (Exhibit 6, p.19) (Bartlett, 2006, p. 19). Since the announcement of Konosuke Matsushita 250-year corporate plan on May 5, 1932, Matsushita has been facing difficulties and struggling in capability building and re-establishing its competitiveness. Matsushita case study reveals following important reasons that contribute toward these difficulties (Bartlett, 2006, p.8-12). During 1933-50 period, Matsushita followed a centralized leveraged technology strategy. Also, central research... To have a strong operating control over their offshore production units, Matsushita had followed the centralized management policy before the 1980s. In the mid-1980s, Matsushita had over 700 expatriate Japanese managers and technicians on foreign assignment for four to eight years. Local managers were only made responsible for achieving the targets. In 1982, as Toshihiko Yamashita took over the charge as President of the company. He launched his â€Å"Operation Localization† ‘to boost offshore production from less than 10% of value-added to 25%, or half of overseas sales, by 1990. To support the target, he set out a program of four localizations-personnel, technology, material, and capital (Bartlett, 2006, pp. 11-12). Toshihiko Yamashita’s â€Å"Operation Localization† policy brought a reasonable change to Matsushita organization structure and it increased the number of local nationals in key positions. In the United States, for example, US. nationals became the presidents of three of the six local companies, while in Taiwan the majority of production divisions were replaced by Chinese managers. But unfortunately, these local staff did not have direct contact with the senior administrative body and they were not free in their decisions. They were directed and advised by senior Japanese advisors, who had a direct link with Matsushita’s parent management team. Toshihiko Yamashita policies also gave the offshore production subsidiaries to some extent to buy minor parts from local vendors as long as quality could be assured.

Critical context, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical context, - Essay Example ong had never taken place at all based on an assessment of economic and other losses and injuries that have been caused to the Plaintiff.3 Tort offers an option for the victims to shift at least some of the costs for the damages that they have to bear on to others who may be partly responsible for the fate of the victim. In order to establish a cause of action under tort, three aspects must be established: Liability under tort is generally determined along the lines of (a) strict liability or (b) no fault liability. Under the tort of strict liability, a defendant will be obliged to pay damages for a breach of duty of care and the Court will not question whether or not the defendant has acted in a justifiable manner. On the other hand in a case of no fault liability, it is possible that a victim may not receive damages for the harm caused if there has been a good justifiable reason for the wrong that has been perpetrated on the victim. Applying this to the case of the Marsh Down school children, the children and their parents could have had good cause to file a suit for tort on the basis of personal injuries at the disco, if they had suffered them. Firstly, the nature of the harm would have been serious enough to merit a cause of action, secondly, the cause of such injuries would have been the wrongful action of the school in giving publicity to the August camp in the local paper, especially in view of ethnic diversities among the school children. The School could have therefore been a party to the suit, with the supervising teachers – Clyde West, James, Dot and Duff being cited as respondents. It is the school that is most likely to be held liable, because the teachers are employed by the school and injuries that have occured to students at the dicso are the result of the failure of the teachers to protect them. As a result, vicarious liability will be imputed to the school, since an employer is expected t o be responsible for the negative consequences

Family theories Essay Example for Free

Family theories Essay In this answer, I am going to discuss about the conjugal relationship in modern industrial societies. This means I will assess the claim that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies. I plan to structure my answer from housework and childcare, power and money management. The hours worked between husband and wife become more equal by the increased participation by women in the labour market have led to more equality in modern family life. This view is highly supported by many sociologists like Young and Willmott who suggest that the family is becoming more symmetrical and therefore, is in fact becoming more egalitarian via a ‘march of progress. ’ They suggest that the family is gradually improving in terms of equality as there has been a trend away from segregated conjugal roles and more of a shift towards joint ones. This they argue is due to major social changes in that women are more financially dependant with employment opportunities and so there is less of a need to rely on extended kin. This is further explained by Gershuny who suggests that because women have these employment opportunities, they are more likely to do less domestic work. This is shown by the item as it suggests that ‘men were making more of an effort to do housework when their wives were in full-time employment. By this change of position for women, it has meant that men are now more responsible for different household tasks therefore suggesting that equality within modern family life is evident and so this view seems correct. He emphasises the change in social values as a reason for this which is also supported by Sullivan’s study (2000) which found an increase in equal division of labour. This supports Young and Willmott’s ‘march of progress’ view that conjugal roles are becoming more symmetrical; thus suggesting that the view of equal gender roles and relationships is likely. Also, due to post-modern society, there are better living conditions compared to those during industrialisation and so this has drawn the men back into the family and thus has enabled them to help with housework and childcare as well as providing leisure time; enhancing equality in relationships. The social changes have meant that equality is becoming evident and so the statement seems highly likely. However, the functionalist view of equality in modern family life has been highly criticised particularly by feminists like Ann Oakley (1974). Oakley rejects the ‘March of progress’ view described by Young and Willmott as she suggests that this is simply exaggerated as we still live in a patriarchal society where women do most of the housework. She suggested that the methodology used by Young and Willmott was hardly convincing as their questions lacked in detail. In Oakley’s research, she found only 15% of husbands had a high participation in housework, showing how the statement is flawed as this clearly does not show evidence of equality in relationships and gender roles. Despite Gershuny suggesting that paid work entitled equality for women, Oakley suggested that this was only an extension of the housewife role. Therefore, unlike Parsons claim of a ‘natural’ role, feminists argue that this was socially constructed to enforce dependence on men which became worse with industrialisation as it forced women to stay within the home. Thus, it is clear that joint conjugal roles are not as ‘joint’ as functionalists initially suggested they were as the social changes have only exacerbated the role of women suggesting this so called equality does not exist. Besides, other feminists like Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith (1996) suggest that the changed position of women in terms of employment has only created a dual burden as they now have to undertake paid work as well as the unpaid housewife role. Ferri and Smith suggest that unlike Gershuny, increased employment has had little impact of the domestic labour as fewer than 4% of families had a father responsible for childcare. Therefore, women still remain responsible for the children as well as their employment responsibility; clearly suggesting that modern family life is not as equal as it seems. The dual burden is also supported by Dunscombe and Marsden’s theory of a triple burden in that women are expected to do the double shift of housework and paid work but also the caring of the emotional welfare of the family. This clearly disputes Gershuny’s idea that women are more equal due to employment as the triple burden means that they in fact gain more responsibilities than losing them. Next, feminists ‘point to inequalities of power and control that persist in modern family relationships’ as a key reason for inequality; again challenging the statement. Allan suggests that ideological factors limit women’s power in that they are ‘disadvantaged from the start. ’ This suggests that the family is always going to be founded on inequality; thus suggesting that the view of equality is limited. This is supported by Barrett and McIntosh who suggest that men gain far more from women’s domestic work than they give in financial support and that in turn this support often comes with ‘strings’ attached. Also, men are usually the ones who make decisions about finances despite some families being dual-earners. This is due to the fact that women are statistically still paid on average less than men; enhancing male economic power. Therefore you can question the extent of equality in modern family life. Resources are also said to be shared unequally like Kempson’s (1994) study among low-income families. This leaves women in poverty and so restricts their power in the family which creates an atmosphere of inequality in conjugal relationships. This is further explained by feminists Pahl and Vogler (1993) who focused on the effects of decision making within the family through ideas like ‘pooling’ and ‘allowance systems. They found a 31% increase in pooling where both partners have joint decision responsibility as well as a decline in allowance systems. However, it was still evident that men usually made huge financial decisions. Edgell also supports this as the levels of decision making are not equal due to the male economic power that still exists. Therefore, women have less say in the decisions and thus it is obvious that the view that gender roles and relationships are becoming more equal is incorrect as inequality in pay and decisions still exist. Similarly, this inequality of power has led to domestic violence which clearly shows how inequality is evident in that relationships are being gender dominated. Radical feminists like Millett and Firestone (1970) use domestic violence as a way to show that society is primarily founded on patriarchy and that men oppress and exploit women. They suggest that the inequality of power within the family maintains men’s power and so domestic violence is inevitable. Similarly, Dobash and Dobash suggest that marriage legitimises violence against women as it provides the male with power and the women with dependency, therefore evidently showing no signs of equality. Thus, this disputes the statement of gender roles and relationships becoming more equal with 1 in 4 women being assaulted in their lifetime according to Mirrlees-Black. Finally, childcare which is essentially about exercising responsibility for another person who is not fully responsible for herself and it entails seeing to all aspects of the child’s security and well-being, her growth and development at any and all times. Mary Boulton ( 1983 ) argues the exaggeration in the extent of men’s involvement in childcare and she denies that questions about who does what give a true picture of conjugal roles. She also claims that although men might help with particular tasks, it is their wives who retain primary responsibility for children. It is the wives who relegate non-domestic aspects of their lives to a low priority. This shows that there is still inequality in terms of childcare in conjugal relationships. In addition, Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith provide some empirical support for Boulton by conducting a study based on National Child Development Survey. The survey found it was still very rare for fathers to take primary responsibility for childcare. In both the sample of mothers and the sample of fathers it was very rare in dual-earner families, no-earner families or families where only the mother worked, for the man to be normally responsible for the children or to look after them when they were ill. In almost every category the man was the main carer in 4 percent or less of families. This is also supported by the radical feminist idea of ‘gender scripts’ in that there are expected norms in terms of gender roles and so patriarchal relationships are inevitable. Therefore, they suggest that equality without burdens will only be reached through same-sex relationships as this eliminates the ‘gender script’ idea. Thus, this enhances the inequality of the family, and suggests that the view that conjugal relationships are becoming more equal is in fact incorrect as the inevitability of patriarchal relationships means that equality cannot be established. In conclusion, I have discussed and assessed the view that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies by evaluating three sections which are hours worked, power and childcare. With all of the statement, I believe that conjugal relationships in modern industrial societies are not based on equality.

Binge Drinking Among College Students :: Alcohol Abuse Essays

Binge Drinking Among College Students   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all know what it is like to wake up in the morning, with our head aching, and our body feeling like it was just hit by a train. College students world wide know this feeling. These are the results of binge drinking. The question of why college students continue to submit themselves to alcohol is unknown. While many reasons are given, the cause generally falls into one of three categories, peer pressure, insecurity, or to help solve there problems. But the one thing students don’t realize are the consequences and effects that binge drinking can have, health and social problems are just a few.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main reasons students feel the need to binge drink is peer pressure. They do this because their peers are doing it and they want to fit in better. College dorm rooms offer many different places for students to drink. Dorm rooms give a great place for a few people to get together, and before you know it â€Å"everybody’s doing it†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insecurity is another incentive to why students binge drink. Drinking alcohol has been a large part of society for many years. People find that it is easier to meet people when they have been drinking. Drinking has also been used as a way to get close to some one. There are also many social events drinking has created. There are cozy bars â€Å"where every body knows your name,† cocktail parties, and the high school favorite, house party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students also binge drink to help them solve there problems. They turn to alcohol to aid themselves with hiding their feelings and numbing there pain for a while â€Å"We’ll talk over a beer,† is something that people will say when they need to talk about something. In english terms this means lets have a beer and forget all our problems. Problems that range from, stress from school work, stress from a significant other, or even stress of home life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects of binge drinking go far beyond short term memory loss and â€Å"hangovers†. Binge drinkers miss class, get behind on school work, engage in unplanned sexual activity, have run-ins with police, and get injured or hurt.

Location Based Social Networking Essay

Imagine yourself in a locality surrounded by strangers- a new city, a new state yet, no more totally strange. Check-in Yo!, update your profile and you are all set for the location. The location based social networking app Yo!Buddy is making you familiar with the society and locale wherever you are. You can see the like-minded interests and hobbies pursuant, neighbors and have chance to communicate with them. If you think you are not familiar with the ones you desire to go ahead and say ‘hello’, do not feel the set back. Yo! will show you everyone using the app around you, upto 5km. The further you go with Yo!, it has the feature to update and check-in your location, nearby people, activities and events. What more would you ask your locality to show you than what you desire- the users and chance to communicate with them. Yo! finds it simple and unique to bring your online friends and neighbor closer to you in your real life. When you meet your locality people online more often chances to meet them in real life increase much more. Who knows you go to a big mall and are just checked-in to find out that another of your neighbor or friend is nearby or even an online Facebook friend has come to visit the city. You might even be idling at home on a weekend to find another of the Yo! user nearby you too is idling. This makes your networking stronger with him/her. Yo! is mastering itself to provide you the platform so that every time you check-in, the GPS based Yo! records it for you and fellow users. You can even check-in Yo! through your Facebook profile, connect with your friends nearby and be updated on how about of them. The social networking on web is changing and applications like Yo! are changing it for our betterment. You have the world shrunk in a piece of computer.You have Facebook, Twitter to make friends & followers worldwide and network. Though most of the friends or followers you get through these are virtually available and you might not have them when you need them. We are traveling to distant places for various reasons and at a strange place we feel left alone, most of the time. We like to see and enjoy our stay, befriend the people around and see nice places or just sit in a corner and still be updated as who are doing what nearby. Imagine yourself to see and doing whatever you like. Imagine to be updated and also open to be welcomed and involved in the surrounding. Location based social networking is bringing the world more alive to you- on your android application, in your palm. You just have to give it a try: invite and spread it to people around you, check-in, update and you are all set to say ‘Yo! Buddy, Wassup!’