Cognitive Dissonance - 1266 Words

Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance or mental stress which is primarily caused by contradictory beliefs, can be a common part of some peoples life’s however we are psychologically motivated to avoid situations which cause mental stress. This paper will discuss a situation and the behavior using attribution theory, the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes as well as how cognitive dissonance theory could be used to rationalize the behavior. Situation and Subsequent Behavior Richard is driving along a lonely road late at night after working late that day. He has a 4-year-old daughter who he has not spent much time with the entire week because of the long project that makes him work late. Similarly, he has not†¦show more content†¦It is however worth noting that other factors also come into play concerning this relationship between behavior and attitudes (Albarracin et al. 2014). For instance, an individual’s behavior or attitudes can further be shaped by their social or cultural setting. For instance in a case whereby an individual is raised to believe that people in a given ethnic community or race are hostile or violent, the individual will automatically behave in a protective manner when around people from the particular ethnic group or race. In Richard’s scenario, he may have approached the situation with the attitude that people who walk alone in the dark are either criminals or drunkards ad thus they are mostly up to no good. This attitude may have further influenced his behavior to speed up his car without bothering to know who the man was or what had happened to him. On the other hand, Richard’s behavior may have shaped his attitude as well. The fact that he simply drove away without finding out what had happened to the man may have shaped his attitudes to the extent that he would most likely do the same when faced with a similar situation again. How Cognitive Dissonance Theory could be used to Rationalize the Behavior Sanderson (2009) reveals that the cognitive dissonance theory is a social psychology theory whose main proponent wasShow MoreRelatedCognitive Dissonance1161 Words   |  5 PagesPsych Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance theory has been around since the late fifties. It has inspired many psychologists to figure out the murky depths of people’s minds. The theory relates strongly to decision making, social phenomenons and mental angst. Many paradigms exist within cognitive dissonance. Two important paradigms are the Belief Disconfirmation paradigm and the Free Choice paradigm. There are several experiments that have been studied that relate to cognitive dissonance, includingRead More Cognitive Dissonance Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagessocial event. While deciding to go to the party instead, it leads me in a state of tension as the party time can be well spent on studying for the final exam next morning. This state of uneasiness or tension is easily understood as Cognitive Dissonance. Cognitive Dissonance Theory, developed by Leon Festinger (1957), is concerned with the relationships among cognitions (Festinger, 1957). In this context, cognition can be perceived as a piece of knowledge that may inscribe an element of an attitude,Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Theory1621 Words   |  7 Pagescreated the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger, 1957; as cited in Griffin, 2009). Thus, people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance arise. Read MoreCognitive Dissonance Paper1671 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The words Cognitive Dissonance were fascinatingly interesting; therefore more research went into the origin of these two words. Both words are Middle English, which was the English in use from 12th to 15th centuries and both used in the 15th century [ (Merriam-Webster, 2011) ]. Cognitive is an adjective meaning, there is physical activity involving the mind; be it: thinking, reasoning or remembering. Dissonance is a noun meaning, when there is a tug-of- war between one’s actions andRead MoreAssignment on Cognitive Dissonance1417 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Paper on Cognitive Dissonance Theory â€Å"Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn t fit in with the core belief.† ― Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, WhiteRead More Cognitive Dissonance Theory Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The theory of Cognitive Dissonance states that when individuals are presented with information that implies we act in a way that contradicts our moral standards, we experience discomfort (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 1998, P. 191). This is considered Cognitive Dissonance, A psychological term used to describe mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information; arouses unease or tension; relieved by one of several defensive maneuvers:Read MoreCognitive Dissonance1475 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Consistency, the absence of contradictions, has sometimes been called the hallmark of ethics. Ethics is supposed to provide an individual with a guide for moral living, and to do so it must be rational, and to be rational it must be free of contradictions. When consistency and ethics are compromised, this is known as cognitive dissonance. Leon Festinger shared his brilliance with the world when he created the Cognitive Dissonance theoryRead MoreCognitive Dissonance And Its Effect On Behavior1654 Words   |  7 PagesPeople experience cognitive dissonance when they perceive that there is a mismatch between their attitudes and behaviors. Because we are motivated to keep our cognitions consistent, the inconsistency brought about by dissonance becomes a drive that must be reduced. This is done by changing either the attitude or the behavior such that they may accurately align with each other. Eventually, the New Look model to dissonance will shift the causal path to an explanation using avoidance of aversive consequencesRead MoreThe Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Essay example877 Words   |  4 Pagestheory of cognitive dissonance started as a very simple observation by Leon Festinger that people do not like to deal with inconsistency. This simple observation led to the development of a theory that became very controversial, and it would be this controversy that propelled the theory forward. Many years of research has led to many different ideas of what cognitive dissonance really is and why it actually occurs. Festinger developed the term cognitions while developing his theory on cognitive dissonanceRead MoreActions Caused by Cognitive Dissonance Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesFestinger’s cognitive dissonance theory that asserts that we act to reduce discomfort or dissonance, an unpleasant tension, we experience when two of our thoughts or cognitions are inconsistent. Mkimmie, et al. (2003) investigated the impact of social support on cognitive dissonance arousal in their experiment, â€Å"I’m a Hypocrite, but So Is Everyone Else: Group Support and the Reduction of Cognitive Dissonance.† The psychologists aimed to test the impact of social support on dissonance by testing two

Teen Suicide Essay - 866 Words

Nydria Daniel Leslie Campos Enc1101 31 October 2017 Emotional Suicide amongst Teens Suicide has become an extremely important social issue in our society. Did you know that suicide rate is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States according to the A.F.S.P (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention)? Teen suicide rates continue to increase every year according to statistics. Today, teens are having mental struggles that can affect their everyday lifestyle and they can’t seem to find anyone to tell their problems to. They find that committing suicide is the answer to their problems because majority of teens suffer from drug abuse, relationship problems, and the biggest issue; depression. Suicide is a major issue, but has so many†¦show more content†¦Bully victims have the highest risk for suicide- related behavior of any groups that report involvement in bullying. When a teen is bullied it makes them feel like they are worthless and no one cares about them. For example, if a child is smarter than the other students they will call them name s such as â€Å"nerd† and â€Å"geek†. Depending on the teen he or she may feel belittled by them. Schools should supply more training to students to help them with communication skills and have counselors who can be there for the student who is in need of sitting down and talking with them. Not everyone can handle a bully so when to help them with communication skills and have counselors who can be there for the student who is in need of sitting down and talking with them. Not everyone can handle a bully so when you see someone in need of help with one you should try your best to step in to defuse the situation at hand. It is great to take action in any way or form because you could have just given the victim to stand up against them and get them out of their suicidal mindset. Additionally, what is teen depression? Teen depression is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. It is one of the main reasons why the suicide rate in teens has been skyrocketing besides relationship problems, and drug abuse. Medication, psychotherapy, and shock therapy are the mostShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Teen Suicide798 Words   |  4 PagesTeen suicide My essay is on teen suicide there are a lot of suicides that happen in the U.S they are caused from being bullied also it can caused by being depressed. There is also a high increase of suicides for people who take antidepressants. All this information is true based on the sites below. 1) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/September-October-08/Teen-Suicide-Rate-Worries-Mental-Health-Experts.html 2) http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/20/nation/la-na-nn-funeral-illinois-teen-suicide-bullying-20131020Read MoreTeen Suicide Essay605 Words   |  3 PagesDaneshia Alberty Campbell EnglishIII-7 11 February, 2011 Teen Suicide Essay Teen suicide is one of the fastest killers for young teenagers. Every year thousands of teens die in the United States. There are many different reasons of why young teens commit suicide. Family issues, low self-esteem, and bullying are three of the many leading factors towards suicide for teens. Problems at home can cause a teenager to take their lives. Abuse in the home of the teenager can most often establish aRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Suicide Suicide is a growing problem in American culture. Sadly, teens are affected the most. Teen suicide is increasing rapidly. â€Å"About 5,000 teens in the United States kill themselves each year† (Peacock, 4). Suicide among teens is a serious and devastating crisis. More teens are taking their lives today than ever before. Teen suicide does not affect one specific type of teen; it affects any type of teen. There are a variety of reasons teens resort to committing suicide. Many people are workingRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesanother man without Clementi’s knowledge, Clementi committed suicide. The actual definition of suicide is â€Å"the action of killing oneself intentionally†. The act of suicide is a serious matter, and is particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. The best way to prevent teen suicide is through informing people of its existence, and educating them on the warning signs and prevention methods. In this essay I will explain why suicide is a major public health problem through statistics, show theRead MoreEssay On Teen Suicide1235 Words   |  5 Pages† offer little comfort, and even less hope to those considering suicide. Amongst U.S teens, suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death more so than cancer, AIDS, chronic drug use, and heart disease combined. Common risk factors are bullying in school, history of sexual abuse, alcohol, and drug addiction, along with a history of mental illness in the family. There is also a direct correlation between socioeconomic status and suicide in urban, and remote areas. Factors such as social deprivation,Read MoreEssay On Teen Suicide1332 Words   |  6 Pagesbut if that s true then why is there an increase in teenagers committing suicide. We all know that the rate of teenage suicide has been on the rise just as fast as the rise of social media use. Teenage suicide is never a good thing and is heartbreaking to those it affects. As social media become s more intertwined in young people s lives there has been an increase in teen suicide from cyber bullying. Often times young teens don t know the dangers and consequences social media can cause and makesRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide â€Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age† (â€Å"Introduction to Teen Suicide†). According to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary: suicide is the act or an instance of taking ones own life voluntarily and intentionally. Meaning that when someone takes their life they are fully aware of their decisions. These decisions are clouded by the rational part of the brain not maturing until the age of twenty five. Looking at thisRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages The rates of suicides in teens have been rising more and more over the past few years; with an increase of over 300% in adolescents since the 1950s. (Miller 2009) Teens are basically crying out for our helps, but it seems that we are ignoring them. But why? Do we not care? Or do we even know what signs to be looking for? ANd average of 1,800 young people take their own lives and almost 85,000 are hospitalized for attempts (CDC, 2008). With the statistics being this high we need to take some actionRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Language Arts 09 November 2017 Teen/Adult Suicides Suicides in the United States have increased in the last year has increased by 9%. The Problems With Suicide/ Percent of Deaths With Suicide In 1980 nearly 27,000 people took their own lives, making suicide the 10th most common cause of death. 57 percent of the cases of suicide in the United States involved firearms. In 2015 Suicide had been marked the second leading cause of death from ages 10-24. Suicide has been a major health problem in theRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Suicide of any kind is an act in which a person takes his or her own life. FACT: Suicide is a prevalent cause of death among America’s youth today.Each and every day almost 1000 teenagers think about suicide and about 0.018% of them will be successful in committing it.† It is an ongoing problem that is often described as uncalled for immature and unnecessary. But having a deeper understanding and better knowledge are some key factors for preventing teenage suicide. This â€Å"problem† most likely start

Amendments Free Essays

There are Ten Amendments ratified to the United States Constitution. These amendments are called and known as the â€Å"Bill of Rights†. The first amendment in the Bill of Rights talks about how the freedom of establish of religion, freedom of press, freedom of assembly right to petition, freedom of speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Amendments or any similar topic only for you Order Now They all have to do with people talking free in the United States and doing what they can with this amendment. The first part talks about the freedom of religion. In these case the freedom of religion lets you be in any kind of religion you want to be in the United States. In the contrary some other countries you could not be any different from others because you can be considered an outsider or an enemy to the people of that country. In addition, freedom of religion is known to be a human right. The first amendment rights to freedom of the press guarantees me the right to read any news paper, read any magazine, or right about any story, or watch any movie without having any fear that my government would censor my right to do these things. For example, if I want to release a video on the internet containing any nudity or foul language, I have the right to do so without any censorship. The government can only regulate by putting some sort of warning label on it but can not prohibit me from doing so. Also, the freedom to assemble allows us the people to gather up for harmonious and legal purposes. Implicit within this right is the right to association and belief. In other words this amendment protects us from what we believe. For example, people can organize a parade for immigration rights, and the government would be ok with it because it falls down in legal purposes to assemble. Furthermore, people can also gather up to celebrate a â€Å"Quinsenera† without any problems because this would fall down under the peacefully assemble. Now the government may also prohibit people from associating in groups that engage and promote illegal activities. The right to petition the government for justice of grievances guarantees people the right to ask the government to provide a second chance of relief to change something wrong to a right. This petition is made my court or by any other governmental action. For example, a person gets a ticket for speeding , but he or she is more than sure that he wasn’t. That person is going to try to appeal that ticket by going to court and standing in front of a judge to try to dismiss that ticket. The right to freedom of speech allows an individual to express themselves without interference or constraint by the government. This amendment gives us the right to express what we feel. We have the symbolic and the uttered way on expressing ourselves. We don’t necessarily have to speak in order to show our emotions; we could use the symbolic method to do so. We can express it by wearing clothing that symbolizes what we feel. In the other hand we also have the most common way, which is uttered. Most people express themselves by making a speech. However, our right is also limited because the government prohibits some speech that may cause a breach of peace or may cause violence. For example, someone might make a judgment that they hate someone. But just because they hate them doesn’t mean they have to kill them. How to cite Amendments, Essay examples

One Night Bland/Almost Sentimental by Ted McCloskey and the HiFis free essay sample

You probably haven’t heard of Ted McCloskey and the Hi-Fis. I hadn’t until Saturday December 10, 2011. My family and I were planning to go to a local restaurant that also had live music. We got there and enjoyed a good meal, but the whole time I was itching for the music to start. I love rock music and that was what I was about to hear. I loved the band instantly. All the songs were great. After the band finished their first set, I immediately bought two of their albums. The Albums were One Night Bland, which features a mixture of Ted’s new song and remixes of his old songs and Ted’s latest album Almost Sentimental; which has fifteen of his latest songs. Every song is amazing, and they are all Teds own songs-no covers. They play Indie rock and it’s the kind of thing that you can listen to again and again without getting tired of it. We will write a custom essay sample on One Night Bland/Almost Sentimental by Ted McCloskey and the HiFis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can hear strains of classic rock, alternative rock and blues influences in his songs, but you can also hear his own unique style. Ted uses his guitars (acoustic and electric) to create dynamic, rhythmic patterns, and if you want proof, listen to the song Swimming Again on One Night Bland. Swimming Again is one of their best songs. The song uses a simple guitar riff that immediately hooks you. This is the kind of song that makes you want to tap your foot, bob your head, or even dance to the beat. One of the best songs on Almost Sentimental is the song Feeling kind of Ruff. You can hear what Ted was feeling in this song. His lyrics suggest sadness, but the song still has an energetic feel. In all his other songs, Ted plays awesome guitar solos. Ted uses blues undertones in these solos that really adds character to the songs. The Hi-Fis make Ted’s already awesome music even better. Daryl Branfords steady drum work is the glue that hold the songs together. Dominick Swentosky uses his guitar and sax to add an exciting, bluesy touch to the songs, while Rene Witzkes solid bass lines add interest to Teds music. Molly Countermines vocals and piano give Ted’s music a softer finishing touch. The music isn’t sparse or overly complicated; it’s in the perfect middle. I recommend Ted McCloskey and HiFi’s to anyone who likes good rock and roll. Ted isn’t very famous or anything; he’s just doing what he loves (and what he does is pretty awesome). I can’t wait till the next time that I’ll get to see Ted McCloskey, a real rock n’ rolla!

Animal Farm and 1984 Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm and 1984 Essay Animal Farm and 1984, two novels both written by George Orwell, were both ways for Orwell to express his anti-totalitarian standpoint. Animal Farm gives a specific example of an oppressive government by using animals to represent real life characters during the Russian Revolution. 1984, on the other hand, is a general warning against the dangers of following a dictatorial government. Overall, both novels utilize the parallels of the characters and the changing of the past, develop the general theme of the two novels that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. The most obvious similarities in characters in 1984 and Animal Farm are Big Brother, the leader of the people of Oceania, and Napoleon, the leader of the animal rebellion on Manor Farm. Both Big Brother and Napoleon are authoritarian rulers who use absolute power as a means of gaining and keeping supremacy. Note: Big Brother can also represent the Party itself because the novel, 1984, never really makes clear who Big Brother really is (for all we know, he can be a character made up by the Party as a medium to publicize its intentions). Both Big Brother and Napoleon work behind the scenes rather than openly sharing their objectives with their subjects. They also give extra effort in trying to abolish any opposition to their rule, whether it be banishing Snowball or castigating Rutherford. Likewise, they place emphasis on elaborate ceremonies/gatherings as a way to give periodic updates on their orders and to keep their subjects from thinking freely for themselves. This is important because it takes away freedom from the people, which is the right to believe that 2+2=4. Without freedom to believe what you want, the ruler has the power to make you believe whatever he wants to. In Animal Farm, Napoleon uses the windmill by which he exerts control. He uses it to direct the animals attention away from the shortages/inadequacies on the farm, and the animals ignorantly concentrate all their efforts on the windmill. Napoleon and Big Brother s characters demonstrate the corruption that comes with having absolute power. Ironically, the characters that are willing to do whatever their superior says ends up being victims of their authority. Parson and Boxer are characterized by their loyalty to the government and by their blind, unquestioning faithfulness to their master. Boxer works vigorously to build Snowball/Napoleon s windmill wile Parson labors continually organizing for Hate Week. Unfortunately, because their work can easily be replaced, the two face the same fate at the end. The reader can safely assume that Parson is vaporized, and Boxer is sent to Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughter and Glue Boiler, Willington, Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied. Boxer and Parson represent the devoted portion of society that are betrayed by the by absolute power. The changing of guiding regulations and history used throughout both Animal Farm and 1984 are evidence of how absolute power can corrupt. In both cases, Big Brother/Party and Napoleon have worker(s) to reformat rules as a method of gaining more power and taking freedom away from their followers. In Animal Farm, for instance, the Seven Commandments are written on the side of a tarred wall in white letters to set a basis of a new government after the rebellion. As the book progresses, the commandments are slightly altered making the animals believe that they have understood another Commandment incorrectly and justifying Napoleon s actions. Similarly, in 1984, the Ministry of Truth was set up to change history so that the Party s actions will be acceptable, because the people of Oceania will assume that it was either their fault for misunderstanding or blame the Brotherhood for any incongruities. .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .postImageUrl , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:hover , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:visited , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:active { border:0!important; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:active , .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18c2d87a1930825d72e1ff5cc3e0525c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Author's View of Human Behaviour EssayAnimal Farm and 1984 are mediums with which George Orwell expresses his views of totalitarianism through the use of animals that represent major individuals during the Russian Revolution in Animal Farm, and in 1984 by using the Party and Big Brother as a general warning against absolute power. The similarities in the characters of both novels and evidence of rulers altering regulations and history develop the main theme of both books in that absolute power corrupts.

Reasoning Essay Sample Movie Review

Reasoning Essay Sample Movie Review'Raging Bull' has always been a film I've adored, and I decided to take a few minutes and write an essay or two about a reasoning essay sample movie based on that classic film. In this particular essay, I am going to share with you my reasons for choosing The Wizard of Oz as my essay sample. After all, it is certainly a movie that is quite well known, and my reader will definitely be able to get the point I'm trying to get across.Well, one of the reasons to watch the film is because of the character of the Wicked Witch of the West. In this particular film, she is not only one of the most evil characters to ever grace the silver screen, but she also suffers from a variety of facial disorders. If you don't have a mother like Dorothy's, you may want to look into seeing her. If you do have a witch mom or other witch in your life, well then there's always the brown witch for you to watch.In fact, her appearance actually makes her worse than a hag. During the film, she is meant to be the Wicked Witch of the East, however due to her condition, she was forced to transform herself. In a way, she became a disgusting beast, but still very much an animal. The film's message is definitely a direct one to those afflicted with this type of facial disorder, showing how they should not be ashamed to try to fix themselves.The other reason to watch this film is because of The Tin Man, the character played by Bob Hope. For those who don't know, The Tin Man is really more of a muscle man and dancer. As you may not know, he is one of the people responsible for bringing the Wizard to the East in the first place. That means he is a major character in the film, and he is a fantastic performer. And if that wasn't enough, he is one of the most respected people in the Wizard's world. So many people respect him, and he never leaves Dorothy behind. In fact, the reason for the Wizard to wish to see him as well is so that he can train him properly in his art . It is one of the great things about this film, and I'm sure many people will agree.After a long hard look at the film, I can honestly say that the film has a lot to teach us. The Wizard of Oz is a perfect film to use as a pre-rehearsal for an essay writing project, and to show a rational argument in an essay. You don't need to show why a scene is good, just a real logical argument for a great scene to make.So whether you're starting out or you've been around a while, you should definitely take a look at this great film. It has been making a lot of money recently, and if you watch a few movies in a row, you'll start to understand why. In fact, for a nice little stay in the theater, you might even end up watching the original movie again.

Reality vs Fantasy Literature an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Reality vs Fantasy Literature During the second half of the 20th century fantasy fiction has become one of the most productive and commercially successful of literature genres in English. In one sense this is not surprising. Literature containing elements of the fantastic is as old as literature in English, and includes such works as Beowulf, with its fire-spewing dragon and man-eating and man-eating ogres, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, with its enchantresses and shape-shifting giant, or Sir Thomas Malorys Le Morte DArthur or Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream and The Tempest, with their respective complements of enchanted swords, elvish knights, fairies, and wizards (Fantasy Fiction 2007). Need essay sample on "Reality vs Fantasy Literature" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The literature of the fantastic at any date can draw on a seemingly inexhaustible reservoir of concepts and characters from the age-old, international, and pre-literary genre of the folk tale, or tale of wonder. Literature of the fantastic should, however, be distinguished from fantasy fiction, a genre in some respects decisively modern. Readers and writers in a period dominated by science and by rationalistic world-view face problems in entertaining such concepts as those listed above, now known or at least very generally thought to be impossible or nonexistent. The problems were until recently increased by the low rating given to fantasy and the fantastic by practitioners of the realistic novel. In what one might call the post-Quixotic era, fantasy was marginalized into becoming a form for satire, for diversion, and above all for children. Undergraduates Usually Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my essay online. I don't have the time Essay writers propose: Things Go Better The greatest influence within the fantasy genre, however, has been another maverick, J.R.R. Tolkien. Tolkiens fantasy world, fabricated out of shattered myths which we, as post-moderns, ought no longer to believe in. The Lord of the Rings is essentially a re-creation, a synthesis of rejected myths and images into a fragile new composition. A skeptic may well ask why a discussion of fantasy must begin with metaphor, emblem, and suggestion. The irritation of the skeptic has point. It is one thing to identify the appeal of fantasy, but to demonstrate its value calls for something more bracing than suggestive emblems. Yet the proper beginning point is in the emblems, the metaphors, the haziness, the elusive circularity with which so many readers of fantasy articulate their responses. Tolkien used his expert in scholarly knowledge of Old English and Old Norse to create the world Germanic folk tale (Tolkien 2007). In C.S. Lewis chapter on The Meanings of Fantasy in an An Experiment in Criticism, with its repeated emphasis on fantasy as disinterested castle-building, to see the syndrome of metaphorical elusiveness at work. Even the more substantial writing of Tolkien in his famous essay On Fairy-Stories in Tree and Leaf will be a bitter pill for the skeptic since Tolkiens begins by describing the reading of fantasy not as an act of intellection, but as a journey through another country. And if Lewis and Tolkien, whose reputations as fiction writers rest almost exclusively on fantasy, seem to have a vested interest in speaking of their craft in mystifying terms, maybe we should listen to a novelist who works run a wider gamut (Childrens Literature 2007). Fantasy is the art of the unreal, the literature of the insecure soul. For the most part, fantasy is to be a vehicle for the soul of both writer and reader to articulate and reflect on mans basic insecurities. Fantasy allows people to think and imagine thoughts which are foolish in the eyes of society. Fantasy is a flower in an analytical and social jungle. What the students are saying is that readers of fantasy are often far more interested in protecting themselves than in protecting the art or the artifacts. The acknowledgment of feelings of insecurity, of foolishness, of an absorption so thorough that distance between self and book blurs, of fear that schematic constraints will cause imaginative coitus interrupts-all these responses indicate that the readers have lost control of themselves, have surrendered themselves is potentially embarrassing because those on the outside may find their reactions incomprehensible, unsophisticated, or socially unacceptable. These readers fear, in short, that they are not acting their age, and so describe their responses in stubborn or polemical or whimsical or cunningly vague terms which will shield them from charges of immaturity-shield them, in fact, from the repulsion and coldness which Freud saw as the dominant cultures rejection of public expression of fantasies by adults (Guibbory 2005). Fantasy restores a clear view of the familiar by making us free our vision form the blur of possessiveness. Tolkiens ethico-aesthetics provides a rationale for the basic convention of fantastic literature: the transference or displacement of familiar human situations and psychology to an unfamiliar, exotic, or bizarre setting. A look at one use of the convention in The Lord of the Rings will suggest how the fantastic transforms the familiar into the visionary. Readers of fantasy are like Frodo in Lothlorien, looking into an alien world but seeing little that has not been seen before. The machinery of the Rings-wizards, monsters, elvish runes, talking trees-is not its visionary center. The ostensible marvels have genuine charms of their own, but in the larger aesthetic of fantasy they are so much Windex for clearing the vision to more homely simple sights (Dubrow 2001). What keeps successful fantasy from self-indulgence or the decadence of mere novelty is that a writer like Tolkien do es not let the attention rest on the marvelous machinery, but directs the eye back to the richness of ordinary things. With access of knowledge and power the reader may turn to his own world, his consciousness of self, others and environment refreshed and cleansed. Tolkien, of course, neither invented nor exhausted the convention of displacement. And it is important to be wary of making Tolkienian fantasy an aesthetic-or ethical-norm. Neither the vision nor the response to vision which the Rings propose should be taken as definitive. In the trilogy the preferred response to fantastic vision is exuberance; even the bitterest knowledge the characters in the fiction acquire is tempered by a resiliency and vitality which makes the best of things. To say that a principal effect of fantasy is the return of the reader to his own world with access of knowledge and careful attention to the familiar is to hint at an important relation of fantasy to education. When education is a matter of refreshment, it proceeds, as do these types of literary fantasy, by simplification and subjective engagement. Simplicity and subjectivity may seem the very worst features of literary fantasy to adapt to the process of education; for the skeptic these features signify the unhealthy affinity between the fantastic and the escapist. As soon as teacher says, The kingdom of heaven is like a grain of mustard seed, he is appealing to learners fantasies, inviting them to attach personal, subjective value to a complex and recondite idea. The appeal to fantasy involves a severe simplification of the theological idea of heaven in order to transform the vision of heaven. As teacher, Jesus enlists the fantasies of his hearters by creating an image of the kingdom which is at once familiar and fresh, engaging and delightful. That image represents a sacrifice of conceptual rigor and precision; the pedagogy is anti-intellectual in that the teacher assumes the vision is father to the idea that subjective valuation precedes intellectual refinement Jesus the parable-maker exemplifies in his role as teacher the important function fantasy serves in the educative process (Timmerman 1983). We have, then, in simplification and subjectivity via Tolkien an illustration of the concomitant operation of creative and destructive forces in fantasy. The essential educational principle to which these forces contribute is the widening of thought through the abolition of conventional and obstructive categories of thought. The appeal of fantasy in education makes possible the restoration of the worth of an idea, to which complexity will add a later delight. As simple ideas from and solidify the teacher can wisely introduce more complex contingencies, not just to challenge simple ideas but to persistently reinvigorate the initial subjective valuation of learning. To keep simple ideas from themselves becoming inert and stale the teacher can cultivate the desire for the complex as a means to the continuing transformation as stretching of vision. In that sense, fantasy is not only the beginning point of education but its abiding motive, always opening new possibilities, always affirmin g a process of thought (Schefer 1997). As agent of education, the power of fantasy to renew and refresh what is inertly familiar creates an activity of mind whose enemies are habitual states of mind. This view of fantasy as a source of recovery and renewal-popularized and sanctified by Tolkien-makes fantasy out to be reasons natural ally: the freedom of fantasy is simply the prolegomenon to the discipline of reason. The appeal of fantasy may become a pedagogical trick which teachers can safely employ to engage students in process which will not undermine rational modes of thought and discourse. But there is another view of fantasy with other implications for education. The other view shifts emphasis from the familiar to the unprecedented, from powers of refreshment to powers of revelation, from an alliance with reason to an assault on rational consciousness, and form the secular to the numinous. That other view is adumbrated in the journal of a student who writes that fantasy requires not a willing suspension of disbelief, but a willing expansion of belief. When one suspends disbelief one adopts a temporary credulity; it is just a matter of shifting stance to return to disbelief: the mystery is disposed of, the book reverts to artifact, and the idea becomes tractable. But if an expansion of belief occurs, the shape and scope of ones world changes. Mystery is the dominant presence in a world where expanded belief dissolves boundaries between fantasy and actuality (Wemdorf 2002). A reader becomes implicated in a book and it cannot become again purely an artifact. A person is less likely to seize and master an idea than to feel seized and mastered by it. Fantasy is a way of enlarging experience, emphatically not a strategy for containing or rationalizing experience. In Alice in Wonderland of C.S Lewis expressed disappointment at the discovery that Alices adventures were all a dream. Fantasy is the ultimate/extreme of literature as an imaginative art. It is the incredible, the improbable, the implausible, the outlandish-the totally unlikely. But at the end of Alice, Carroll concedes to the plausible and denies his fantasy that extremity, that refusal to bargain with the laws of the normal world, which is an aesthetic standard many readers want to apply to fantasy. The ethical aesthetic came into play frequently in student responses to the endings of literary fantasies. A false note from the author at the end, a hint that de didnt mean to be taken too seriously, would threaten to unbuild a readers belief in and respect for a work which had seized his imagination. The epilogue is far more clever and ambiguous than Carrolls, but it was the cleverness, the feeling that Lewis wanted to manipulate her imagination. Lewis didnt want apologizing for writi ng a fantasy and she didnt want to hear about real and practical purposes (Morely 1887). Pray you no epilogue, for your fiction needs no excuse. The Little Prince is a fantasy which invites grokking. And Antoine de Saint-Exuperys fantasy of expansive and open-ended belief has had, loyal following than The Lord of the Rings. The mystery with Saint-Exupery stops the story is only an extension of the participatory nature of the entire narrative. The book is open-ended because it is throughout, filled with secrets and problems which it tempts each reader to ponder and fill in, each in his own way. The secret beauty of The Little Prince ad its doctrine of hidden riches and grokking an idea is not a matter of insights: grasping, enlivening, enhancing, discovering, discovering, and making ones own this-or-that return in the real-world-by virtue of gracing it with this-or-that private image (Bernstein 1999). Mystery. Belief. Grokking. Outsight. The words suggest very personal educational goals which have to do with establishing a sense of identity, grasping the meaning of ones relation both to the world outside oneself and to the world within oneself, even pursuing a from of religious fulfillment. Tolkien has described the fantasist as a sub-creator, one who does not create fantasy so much as the structural conditions for fantasy. The structure of a fantasy novel is a source of delight and stability for readers, but what they learn from fantasy comes from their imaginative participation in the work, not from any tendentious designs of the author. What fantasy is capable of offering is a means for finding some order to ones impermanences; what the teacher is capable of proposing are suggestions about the economies of discovery. Harry Potter in the classroom might be to explore and define fantasy novels. According to Beach and Marshall (1991), a fantasy novel includes the following characteristics: an element of good versus evil, a quest, physical metamorphosis, secondary world, magic and supernatural elements, and illustrations. With the exception of the cover design, no other drawings appear in the text of Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone. However, Rowlings use of imagery and descriptive language serve as a substitute for illustrations in the definition presented bove. Fantasy provides the students the opportunity to encounter works that deal with basic questions of life. What is the nature of human being? What constitutes evil? What are appropriate ways to combat it? (Childrens Literature 2007). Given opportunities to do so, students will come up with answers, searching within themselves, to judge the characters in Harry Potter and their actions. Whether Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone are capable of sustaining a lasting place on the literary table remains to be seen and may be highly debated. For example, Anthony Holden, a British critic believing Harry Potter is no Beowulf, labels the popular new book derivative, traditional, and not particularly well written. Conversely, in an eloquent justification of the books literary merit, critic Richard Bernstein (1999) explains, The key here is the hero, Harry himself. Harry Potters story offers psychological depth with its early images of alienation, rejection, loneliness and powerlessness leading to its classically fairy tale ending. It meets the rigorous criteria outlined by Bruno Bettelheim in The Uses of Enchantment. The essence of fantasy fiction, however, is liberation from the constraints of what is known, coupled with a plausible and persuasive inner coherence. The reader of fantasy accepts the rules set up by the fiction, and ignores, or relishes, the contrast with the rules of everyday reality, often glimpsed in fantasy as a horrific world of tedium and mediocrity. Reasons for the popular appeal of fantasy fiction no doubt include discontent with the mundanity of everyday life in consumer societies, openly voiced in Le Guins The Beginning Place (1980), and the associated yearning for more natural and colorful environments. Fantasy has however, also shown it ready to deal with questions of the utmost cotemporary importance, in particular, with the nature and origins of evil. Fantasy fiction has shown itself capable of dealing with topics which seem outside the range of the traditional realist novel, and speaks for and to a contemporary mass audience whose taste it has itself created. Works Cited: Beach, Richard, & Marshall, James. (1991). Teaching Literature in the Secondary School. Ft Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace. Bernstein, Richard. (1999). 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